The Mechanisms of Cocaine Tolerance - 1300 Words

Cocaine tolerance is achieved when a larger amount of the drug is needed to reach the same intoxication or â€Å"high† previously reached by smaller amounts of the drug. This tolerance is often developed in organisms after an extensive history of exposure to cocaine. Cocaine can also have sensitization effects in organisms, which can also be described as â€Å"reverse tolerance†. The mechanisms responsible for the development of either sensitization or tolerance to cocaine are currently intertwined, and researchers have been unable to tease them apart. There are, however, some small indications of what might be responsible for cocaine tolerance. The following paper will review research in cocaine tolerance in a variety of animals, as well as humans, and the implications of the findings. Specifically, how cocaine tolerance affects operant responses in addition to physiological responses Many researchers have suggested that Pavlovian, or classical, conditioning may play a role in the development of tolerance to cocaine and other drugs in many organisms. Specifically, the rituals and environment that precede the drug administration become conditioned stimuli and the drug itself is the unconditioned stimulus. Hinson and Siegel (1999) discuss how when the rituals and environment associated with drug administration are encountered, and the drug is not delivered, organisms often display symptoms of withdrawal, sickness, and cravings. These symptoms are said to be compensatory responses, orShow MoreRelatedEssay about Addiction and the Brain1037 Words   |  5 Pagesadverse consequences related to repeated use of the drug...[involving] compulsive drug use, interference with normal activities and may include tolerance and physical dependence (2). The tolerance and physical dependence which frequently occurs as a normal physiological adaptation to non-addictive prescription medications must be distinguished from tolerance and physical dependence experienced in the context of addiction, a chronic, relapsing illness characterized by compulsive drug seeking and useRead MoreHigh Impulsivity And Novelty Seeking Drugs875 Words   |  4 PagesThe article, High Impulsivity Predicts the Switch to Compulsive Cocaine-Talking, sought to determine whether impulsivity and novelty-seeking (which are behavioral markers of addictive drugs) place individuals in the vulnerability of compulsive seeking of the drug. The researchers used laboratory rats to test the vulnerability. Researchers found that high reactivity to novelty predicted the likelihood of rats seeking cocaine self-administration. However, high impulsivity seemed to predict the developmentRead MoreLove Is a Natural Drug1415 Words   |  6 Pagescharacteristics, namely, the release of the neurotransmitter dopamine, the presence of tolerance and withdrawal symptoms, and the negative influences they have on a person’s life. Love addiction is similar to addictive drugs such as alcohol, cocaine, marijuana and heroin because of the effects that dopamine have on the addict’s mind and body. These effects then lead to a person’s experience of tolerance and withdrawal symptoms. Tolerance and withdrawal symptoms are very important in the maintenance of an addictionRead MoreCLEAN AND SOBER Essay795 Words   |  4 PagesClean and Sober was a movie about a guy name Darryl who was a drug and alcohol addict. The movie started out as him waking up beside a naked woman, then he started snorting cocaine, cocaine can give you hallucinations. When he was trying to wake up the woman, the woman was not budging, meaning she’s dead- overdosed with cocaine and this was the conflict of the story, and also he was running away from his boss because he took a great amount of money in their company and invested it on stocks and heRead MoreEssay on Cocaine and the Brain: The Neurobio logy of Addiction2205 Words   |  9 PagesCocaine and the Brain: The Neurobiology of Addiction In the eyes of the public, the word addict stirs up a negative image: a person of low moral character who willfully chooses to engage in questionable behavior. This image is perpetuated in the media; on a recent episode of E.R., the chief surgeon criticizes another doctor for allowing a heroin addict (who has been treated for an abscess) to exchange a dirty needle, explaining we donà ¢t want these low-lives hanging around the hospital. TheRead MoreHow Do Drugs Affect Our Body And Society?908 Words   |  4 Pagesacceptable, whereas drugs such as cocaine and marijuana are not, yet they both have severe adverse effects. The verbalisation that drugs are hazardous is ridiculous from a literal standpoint. A kilogram of arsenic is no more hazardous than a kilogram of lettuce - both are merely inert substances. The physical or noetic trauma is only pertinent when the chemical is ingested into a living body; all substances are toxic to the human body at some dose level. Heroin, cocaine, and marijuana pose no quandariesRead MoreDiagnosis And Classification Of Substance Use Disorders1312 Words   |  6 Pages only 1 in 6 are able to access treatment globally. These prevalence rates remain stable, but the landscape of substance use has changed in period between 2009 and 2013. During this period, there has been a significant reduction in the extent of cocaine use, with a rise in cannabis and prescription drug use and stabilization in the opiate use globally. The highest estimate of opioid and opiate use is 1.2% (0.8% for opioids and 0.4% for opiates). Non-medical injection is estimated among 45% of allRead M oreThe Relationship Between Drug Abuse and Excessive Food Consumption1674 Words   |  7 PagesIn seminar, we discussed the relationship between drug addiction and excessive food consumption. In particular, we remarked that drugs of abuse hi jack the reward pathway that evolved for hedonic food consumption. Drugs such as cocaine cause excess dopamine released in the Nucleus Accumbens, which results in a feeling of extreme pleasure. Over time, the pleasure derived from the drug decreases due to synaptic adjustment and the addict is in a state of anhedonia (lack of pleasure). Chronic drug useRead MoreEducating America about Legalization of Marijuana Essays1644 Words   |  7 Pagestopics of the 20th century. Although illegal for some time now in the United States, we know of its widespread availability and usage. Once a huge threat to society, it is now being overlooked as we turn to the seemingly more serious problems of cocaine and heroin. But should we be taking a second look at it, cracking down on enforcement and trying as hard as possible to rid our country of this drug? Well the police officer I interviewed said Billions and billions of dollars are being spentRead MoreSubstance Abuse And Its Effects On Society1285 Words   |  6 Pageslaws to regulate and control addictive drugs was the Pure Food and Drug Act in 1906, which required the correct labeling of medicines that contained opiates. In 1914 the Harrison Narcotic Act banned the sale of medicines that contained opiates or cocaine and required a prescription by physicians (Brown, 1981).Then, in 1919 â€Å"spirit of temperance†, or self-control, led to the Prohibition of alcohol by the Eighteenth Amendment to the Constitution, which was then revoked 14 years later (Infoplease.com

Stereotypes Free Essays

In todays’ society it seems as though everyone is placed into a stereotype that has been developed of every race and how everyone within that race acts/or is. Stereotyping is an issue that affects all races and gender. If someone were to ask what is a women supposed to do when they grow up, is the typical response still to get married, be a stay at home wife and mother, while the father figure of the family goes to work to support the family? What about the women who don’t want to stay at home, the women who want to go and have a career? Stereotypes are present in everyday life, placing the idea that you are only allowed to do what is described in that stereotype. We will write a custom essay sample on Stereotypes or any similar topic only for you Order Now Women are not only affected by what a typical women should do stereotype, but as well as race stereotypes or stereotypes that are based on characteristics that are attained. Women are slowly, but surely starting to change the typically stereotype of them along with proving that they are more than just this object they are looked at as. Stereotypes are present in our lives from when we are a young age. Children’s’ television shows are just as guilty of this problem as regular television shows are. Dora the Explorer, for example, that teaches Spanish to children. But, the main character Dora is of course Hispanic, giving the impression that Hispanic people always speak Spanish to young children who have not been exposed to the multicultural world that America is because they simply wouldn’t be able to comprehend the idea. These stereotypes are even present while going through school being taught that there are different cliques and that you can only fit into one certain clique, like a jock, a nerd, or the dumb cheerleader. There cliques are revealed in multiple shows that attract teenagers. Not only is television responsible for teaching children these stereotypes from a young age, there also are the internet and magazines that contribute to this problem. Technology is not the only thing to blame; there is also influence by who you grow up around. You are not fully able to make your own decisions or opinions about certain things until you are an adult. The background of your childhood and who you grow up around greatly influence your opinions. Stereotyping only continues in television shows and movies that attractive adults. Examine a typical television sitcom, what role are the women characters playing? For example, in the television show, The Big Band Theory, one of the main characters is an attractive blonde woman who seems to lack intelligence at times. Her best friends in the sitcom are two guys that would fit a nerd type role. It is as if the â€Å"nerds† are only friends with her because of her looks. Stereotypes evident in our lives since we are young, giving the idea that you fit into one of these stereotypes. Such as if you are blonde, then you must be dumb or if you are Asian you must be intelligent. The idea that characteristics you hold places you into a certain stereotype and along with that stereotype you must do the things that are associated with that stereotype. On the other hand, there are many television shows and movies that actually challenge traditional views of women. For example, in the movie Legally Blonde, a blonde white woman in her middle 20’s named Elle Woods depicts what one would think of as â€Å"dumb blonde†. She wears all pink, almost always, her hair and make-up is always perfect and has that high pitch â€Å"like oh my god† voice. But she surprises everyone when she goes to Harvard Law School to become a lawyer; even the professors and fellow collages at the college doubt her. In the end, she prevails and surprises everyone with her knowledge. Elle Woods would be a perfect image of â€Å"girl power†. The thought that yes women can are smart enough to accomplish their dreams that not only men can go to college, get a degree, and become a high paid profession like a doctor or lawyer. There are tons of other movies and television shows that depict women the same way as Legally Blonde, so does that imply that women can eventually break these stereotypes that have been placed upon them? Many women do just what these movies and television shows depict women doing. More women go to college to earn degrees and obtain a high paying job. There are women that are doctors, surgeons, and the head CEO’s of companies in todays’ society. These women are the bosses of many other women, but more importantly men. These are prime examples that women are not just staying home taking care of the children in todays’ society, they are going to a well-paying job every day then coming home to do other responsibilities. Women as a whole are breaking these traditional stereotypes that haunt us all. But, the main question behind the problem of stereotyping is who is coming up with these stereotypes? It is not physically possible to classify multiple people into the same group, simply because everyone is an individual and is completely different from anyone else. Stereotypes are politically incorrect because of these facts. For example, the stereotype that all black people like fried chicken and watermelon. It is nearly impossible that every African American in the world likes these types of food; there is at least one that does not, therefore proving the stereotype invalid. But, we still use these stereotypes every day without even thinking about doing it and by doing these you are in return neglecting the fact that everyone is an individual. In order to stop stereotyping these types of issues must be looked at. While all stereotyping can be considered negative or hurtful depending on what is said. There is a difference between stereotyping and making an observation, as stated before stereotyping would be saying something like all African American people like fried chicken, while on the other hand saying something like there are many Asians at the Science and Engineering library on campus would be considered an observation. By saying an observation, it wouldn’t be considered a stereotyping because the observation is seen with that persons’ eyes therefore in their eyes it would be considered true. Alternatively, stereotyping is stating something that can’t be proven true and also usually possess some kind of hatred or hurtful feelings behind the statement. I believe that many people often get these two ideas mixed up with each other, causing further confusion and more hatred towards certain groups of people. Stereotyping is clearly a large problem in todays’ society. First, the problem needs to be addressed on where it starts, which is often at a young age. The surroundings in which you grow up influence your opinions and ideas as your mind develops which is often the beginning of this problem. This problem develops further with todays’ technology such as television, movies, the internet, and social networks. Technology is a large part of the stereotyping problem by continuing to show how women should act and be, but it also challenges the problem as well. In order to stop stereotyping, women need to continue to make advances in the world to prove that we are not just an object that stays at home and cleans. Women holding high paying jobs and taking care of themselves without any help is becoming a more common idea. I believe women are starting to change the common stereotype of them and with these advances the idea of stereotyping can start to come to an end but only with the help of everyone in todays’ society. How to cite Stereotypes, Papers

recovery Essay Example For Students

recovery Essay Disaster Recovery for LinuxThere is no bootable Linux system on HDD in a disaster situation; therefore it is always a good idea to backup the bootable Linux system on removable media for example on floppy disks. For example if the hard disk fails, or if an important file is accidentally deleted. No matter what the cause is some recovery procedures will be needed. The first step to recover from a disaster is to make a custom boot disk. It is not sufficient to just copy the standard boot disk image from the Linux cd rom because it will not necessarily have all the Kernal support configured. First log into the root shell session by using the cd / command and inserting a floppy disk. Then examine the /etc/lilo.conf to find the Kernal identity and use the mkbootdisk command and device /dev/fd0 with the string, example 2.2.5-15, found in the /etc/lilo.conf. The uname a command can be used to display the Kernal version.After the successful completion of that step eject the disk and write protect it. Another way to recover from a disaster is to make a rescue disk. The rescue disk is taken from the image in the linux cdrom. It is not like the custom bootdisk where an examination of the /etc/lilo.conf is done. What makes the boot disk created for the system valuable is that it contains the special drivers, such as SCSI drivers, that may be required to boot the system.Another alternative to recover from a disaster is to create a Toms Root Boot Diskette. The tomsrtbt distribution may be done on the internet: A complete Linux system on a single diskette. To create the diskette set the browser to http://www.toms.net/rb/ and download the latest version. To prepare the emergency boot disk, place the zipped tar file into a directory such as /usr/local/src and follow the install procedures. The tar file is a versatile archiving utility that is not limited to strictly tape backup. TAR files can be stored locally as files, and sent over nertworks as a method of back up. The package squeezes an amazing number of Linux utilities onto a single 1.7 MB floppy by using high compression. ConclusionNo matter what method used to back up the Linux system it is very important to take caution when dealing with Kernal config files. Always use the man command before using a command so the right syntax and option are used so that an important file isnt deleted. www.google.comwww.linux.com

Reflective Paper on Personal and Organizational Ethics an Example of the Topic Psychology Essays by

Reflective Paper on Personal and Organizational Ethics Work places are said to be the real world after attaining a certain degree in education. People look after the careers by which they can be able to apply what they have learned from their past education and specifications. In the working life of many people, there are circumstances by which we encounter others that might have different perspectives than us. There can be conflicts arising due to the diversity of norms and social aspects that we are used to. With this, personal ethics might come into action that will solve or worsen the problem or difficulty in the work place.Personal ethics and values are important for individual evaluation. These are necessary in the achievement of personal, organizational and societal goals and mission. Mission and vision should also be present in order for us to be stable personally and professionally. This paper contains an analysis and evaluation of personal and professional ethics and values. Need essay sample on "Reflective Paper on Personal and Organizational Ethics" topic? We will write a custom essay sample specifically for you Proceed Personal Ethics, Mission and Vision Statement In his book, What Makes a Leader, Toler (2006) stated that leaders may not have all the answers to every single problem that we may encounter. He also added: Leadership isnt about showing people how energetic, enthusiastic, or entrepreneurial you are. Its about gaining enough knowledge and wisdom to move people and plans from obscurity to excellence. Leaders are always on a learning curve. They know they havent arrived until theyve shown someone else by their example how to be the best they can be. Doing the right thing this is my guiding light in fulfilling any task. An ancient adage states that, If its worth doing, its worth doing right. I firmly believe that doing the right thing is more important than doing things right. Correct methodology without the proper motives is shallow at best and evil at worst. A person who knows how to link motives with methods are the most qualified to be a leader. Affirmation and proper support is an essential skill that must be possessed by a leader or a manager. Everyone has an innate need to be valued, recognized, or included. To be effective in the fulfilment of any task, it should be recognized that a pat on the back has enough force to propel an associate towards excellence. Vision is necessary in order to get to a desired end. We should have an eye, not only pointed at the horizon, but also beyond it. The Holy Bible states that Without vision, people perish. I believe that status quo should be set as a springboard for further improvements and innovations. Priority is also an essential guide in any personal undertaking. In order to be an effective individual, one should be able to do the important things first. Therefore, one must have the skill to differentiate tasks and order them according to importance. I personally believe that being able to decide which tasks are truly important to the achievement of a goal is essential in carrying out any personal or professional responsibility. Careful selection must be undertaken and this is an important mark of leadership. Credibility has its prerequisites. And being credible enough is important for any individual with goals and mission. Telling the truth is one thing, but being believed is another. And credibility is needed to be believed and trusted by other people. Consistency is the key to be trustworthy and credible in the eyes of other people.Having great ideas is good, but taking action is rather essential. Actions should be based on the knowledge of available resources. One should refuse to commit if the cause has no obvious means of support. No one will truly trust someone who is selfish. An effective person does not care about the laurels or the accolades; he/she displays that seldom-seen virtue of humility. Putting the mission above ones own desires is paramount towards achieving respect. A person with a small ego is treated highly by other people. A person who desires to lead should know how to evaluate their efforts. One should be able to listen to criticisms without taking offense. For as long as the direction is clear, criticisms can only propel an effective person towards his/her objectives at a faster rate.Discipline and self control are my personal advocacies. Work habits can only be established when these traits exist. These are precursors of dependability, punctuality, consistency, and trustworthiness. Discipline should never be an option but an obligation. Any task requires a steady and sustained effort necessary to accomplish a mission or reach an end. Organizations Workplace Values My organization has a definite set of workplace code of ethics I should adhere to. My organization requires me to recognize and practice professionalism in any task I perform. According to Timmerhaus et al. (2004), in any professional activity, professionals are obliged to pursue their profession with the highest level of ethical behaviour.Above anything else, I believe that the publics safety and welfare should be the topmost consideration in the course of performance of my duty as a professional. Employers and clients should be always informed of the implications and consequences of my professional duties, and assure that my professional duties would not have any adverse effect to the health, safety, and welfare of the public. We should be accountable to the general public for they are any companys bread and butter. The very reason why there is any professional duty is the existence of the general public. We as professionals should take the public as the primary consideration in the undertaking of any professional task, whether it is small or large scale.I firmly believe that I should accept responsibility for my actions and recognize other peoples contributions. Taking full responsibility is essential for this is an important gauge for accountability. This will assure that I will not perform professional tasks half-heartedly. And likewise, I recognize other peoples contributions and I will not take other peoples merits. In any work I perform, I would strive to ask for other professionals critical review. I am not perfect, thus, there is nothing wrong with seeking review. This will help me improve my work as a professional, thus making me more eligible to perform larger and more pressing tasks. When other professionals ask me to do such, I would offer objective criticism to their works. All statements I issue and information I present would be bound by objectivity and truthfulness. In the same way as I would like to receive comments that are impartial and free of bias, thus I would issue statements bounded by such premises as well. In the best of my ability, I do my tasks for my employers and clients in the most professional manner, and I treat them as trustees. I clearly define my purpose and role as a professional, so as to avoid conflicts of interest. Conflicts of interest should be avoided because it would be detrimental not just for the welfare of the company, but also to the public. Roles and purpose, when clearly defined will pave the way towards utmost professionalism and objectivity. I treat all my co-professionals and co-workers impartially, keeping in mind than all of them have unique contributions and capabilities. I am also unique, and I have ways of my own. And just like others, I seek to be respected. Therefore, I would also do the same to my colleagues and co-workers. Any relationship, professional or otherwise work two ways.I perform professional services only in areas of my competence, so that my clients, colleagues and the public would not suffer from the consequences of doing otherwise. I am completely aware of my professional capabilities, and theres no way that I will be giving comments or suggestions in fields I have little or no knowledge about. I would leave such cases to professionals who know better. My reputation as a professional would be built only on merits of my services, this I recognize. Thus, I do my best in performing any task designated to me. Professional development and trainings are essential for these will hone my skills and add to my knowledge as a professional. Seminars, symposiums and conventions are important in the growth of a professional. Throughout my career, I will be attending such trainings. Organizational Aims and Social Responsibility Any organization or company has different social responsibilities and societal goals. Any service or product are being produced and released in the market not only for profit, but also to reach an end, complying with standards holding health, safety and welfare of the public as the primary consideration.There are long term and short term aims. Among the long term aim are the improvement of quality of life and preserving peace and order. These are prerequisites of attaining one world. Maintaining an environment conducive to learning and progress is another long term goal any organization should aspire for. For example, a company has a role in generating income for the government through taxes. We know where taxes go, and in general, these are for the general services for the public. Contributing towards a stable national economy would serve one of the most important social responsibilities a company can fulfil. Assuring the public of quality services and goods is another social responsibility. This is a way of giving the public whats due to the public. Another thing, the companys credibility lies in the quality of the goods and services it is able to render.Generating jobs for people is also one important organizational aim. As far as I am concerned, it is the duty of the government to have companies that will cater the need for decent jobs. Populations with a big percentage of the non-working force may, at some points, be inefficient when it comes to generating income particularly for the nations economy. Being able to do so will also contribute to a healthy economy. Organizations Ethical Analysis According to McGinn (1991), any ethical issue or conflict, whether or not they are connected to developments in science and technology, can be analyzed and clarified putting into consideration four factors pertinent to ethical decision and judgment making about actions, practices, and policies. Let us examine some portion of the book taking to account some real life situations. First are the facts of matter. The facts of the situation underlying or surrounding the conflict in question should be considered. Any ethical principle should be ascertained as to whether or not any persuasive accounts of the facts of matter are developed by neutral parties. Thus, comments and feedback from other non-conflicting affiliations should be considered and carefully taken into account. Facts are essential in gathering the reasons, strategies and methods in order to make some plans of the organization possible. Another methodology employed by any organization is the consideration of affected parties with a legitimate stake in the outcome of any principle being or about to be employed. All protectable interests of any stakeholder should be delineated and the relative weights and assigned free of bias.Identification of key concepts, criteria and principles in terms of which the ethical principle to be assessed is formulated is another consideration.The fourth type of assessment method employed is that ethical principles often involve two quite distinct kinds of decision making theories and arguments. Professional Ethics I Affirm Ethical principles are directly related with the personal conduct for these are essential in the upholding and advancing integrity, honour, and dignity of the profession.I affirm my companys thrust in upholding and advancing the integrity, honour, and dignity of the profession by being honest and impartial and serving with loyalty and fidelity our employers, our clients, and the public. My organizational ethics require me to strive in increasing the competence and prestige of my profession and be able to use my knowledge and skill for the enhancement of human welfare. No organizational structure is perfect, though. Change in culture can be implemented for as long as the purpose, mission, vision, and objectives are clear. The points that can be changed may be further improved if the pertinent issues are to be discussed, analyzed and considered.According to Hartness and Eskelin (1993) in The 24-Hour Turn-Around, if one does not know where he/she is headed, he/she will never recognize the destination even when he/she gets there. In order to achieve desired organizational culture change, goals must be set and specific means should be drafted in order to get to the needed end. Goals set should be specific and workable. One will never know how to get a task done if he/she does not have specific goals. Likewise, such goals should be measurable. Quantitative means of measure are often more reliable than qualitative ones. It is important to aim for things that have high purpose, but being able to mark progress in relation to the purpose is almost impossible. Taking responsibility, if I may reiterate is essential. One should recognize that a personal goal is his own, not anyone elses. When we commit ourselves to it, the chances of success improve enormously. References Hartness, J. And Eskelin, N. (1993) The 24-Hour Turn-Around. Baker Book House Company, Grand Rapids, MI. (p. 29-35) McGinn, R. (1991). Science, Technology, and Society. Prentice Hall Incorporated, New Jersey. Timmerhaus, K., Peters, M. And West, R. (2004). Plant Design for Chemical Engineers Fifth Edition. McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc., New York. Toler, S. (2002). What Makes a Leader: Keys to Achieving your Goals. Cook Communications Ministry, Colorado, USA.

How to Talk Like a Soprano Family Member

How to Talk Like a Soprano Family Member Ever wondered how Italian stereotypes came to be? Or why the Mafioso stereotype- Italian Americans with thick accents, pinky rings, and fedora hats- seems to be the most prevalent? Where Did the Mafia Come From? The Mafia came to America with Italian immigrants, mostly those from Sicily and the southern part of the country. But it wasn’t always a dangerous and negatively perceived crime organization. The origins of the Mafia in Sicily were born out of necessity. In the 19th century, Sicily was a country constantly being invaded by foreigners and the early Mafia was simply groups of Sicilians who protected their towns and cities from invading forces. These â€Å"gangs† eventually morphed into something more sinister, and they began to extort money from landowners in exchange for protection. Thus the Mafia we know today was born. If you’re curious about how the Mafia has been portrayed in the media, you can watch one of the many movies that follow the activities in the south, like The Sicilian Girl. If you’re more interested in doing some reading or watching a show, you might like Gomorrah, which is world-renowned for its story. When Did the Mafia Come to America? Before long, some of these mobsters arrived in America and brought their racketeering ways with them. These â€Å"bosses† dressed fashionably, in line with the amount of money they were extorting.   The fashion of the time in the 1920’s America consisted of three-piece suits, fedora hats, and gold jewelry to display your wealth. So, the image of the classic Mob boss was born. What About the Sopranos? The HBO television series The Sopranos, widely regarded as one of the best television series of all time, ran for 86 episodes and greatly impacted how Italian-Americans are viewed. But its impact on our language- with its use of mobspeak- also is quite significant. The show, which premiered in 1999 and closed in 2007, concerns a relentlessly foul-mouthed fictional Mafia family with the surname of Soprano. It revels in the use of mobspeak, a street language that employs bastardized Italian-American forms of Italian words. According to William Safire in Come Heavy, the characters dialogue consists of one part Italian, a little real Mafia slang, and a smattering of lingo remembered or made up for the show by former residents of a blue-collar neighborhood in East Boston. The vernacular of this famiglia has become so popular that its been codified in the Sopranos Glossary. In fact, Tony Soprano even has his own form of currency. In The Happy Wanderer episode, for example, he lends his old high school buddy Davey Scatino five boxes of ziti, or five thousand dollars, during a poker game. Later that night, Davey borrows- and loses- an additional forty boxes of ziti. This Is Southern Italian-American Lingo So you wanna be a â€Å"Sopranospeak† expert? If you sat down to dine with the Sopranos and discussed Tonys waste management business, or maybe the witness–protection program for one of New Jerseys 10 most wanted, chances are youd soon hear words like goombah, skeevy, and agita tossed around. All of these words derive from southern Italian dialect, which tends to make the c a g, and vice versa. Likewise, p tends to become a b and d transmutes into a t sound, and dropping the last letter is very Neapolitan. So goombah linguistically mutates from compare, agita, which means acid indigestion, originally was spelled acidit, and skeevy comes from schifare, to disgust. If you wanted to talk like a Soprano, youd also need to know the correct usage of compare and comare, which respectively mean godfather and godmother. Since in small Italian villages, everybody is the godparent of their friends children when addressing someone that is a close friend but not necessarily a relative the terms compare or comare  are used. â€Å"Sopranospeak† is code for endless, unoriginal obscenities that have nothing to do with la bella lingua, with the various dialects of Italy, or (sadly) with the significant and varied contributions Italian–Americans have made throughout United States history.

Calvin Coolidge - 1924 Speech on Individual Sacrifice and Taxes

Calvin Coolidge Speech on Taxes, Liberty, and the Philosophy of Government delivered 11 August 1924, The White House Grounds, Washington, D.C. [This] country needs every ounce of its energy to restore itself. The costs of government are all assessed upon the people. This means that the farmer is doomed to provide a certain amount of money out of the sale of his produce, no matter how low the price, to pay his taxes. The manufacturer, the professional man, the clerk, must do the same from their income. The wage earner, often at a higher rate when compared to his earning, makes his contribution, perhaps not directly but indirectly, in the advanced cost of everything he buys. The expenses of government reach everybody. Taxes take from everyone a part of his earnings and force everyone to work for a certain part of his time for the government. When we come to realize that the yearly expenses of the governments of this countrythe stupendous sum of about 7 billion, 500 million dollars we get700 million dollars is needed by the national government, and the remainder by local governments. Such a sum is difficult to comprehend. It represents all the pay of five million wage earners receiving five dollars a day, working 300 days in the year. If the government should add 100 million dollars of expense, it would represent four days more work of these wage earners. These are some of the reasons why I want to cut down public expense. I want the people of America to be able to work less for the government and more for themselves. I want them to have the rewards of their own industry. This is the chief meaning of freedom. Until we can reestablish a condition under which the earnings of the people can be kept by the people, we are bound to suffer a very severe and distinct curtailment of our liberty. These results are not fanciful; they are not imaginary. They are grimly actual and real, reaching into every household in the land. They take from each home annually an average of over 300 dollars and taxes must be paid. They are not a voluntary contribution to be met out of surplus earnings. They are a stern necessity. They come first. It is only out of what is left, after they are paid, that the necessities of food, clothing, and shelter can be provided and the comforts of home secured, or the yearnings of the soul for a broader and more abundant life gratified. When the government affects a new economy, it grants everybody a life pension with which to raise the standard of existence. It increases the value of everybodys property, raises the scale of everybodys wages. One of the greatest favors that can be bestowed upon the American people is economy in government. Book/CDs by Michael E. Eidenmuller, Published by McGraw-Hill (2008) See also: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=PB-9G0tp2fs Audio, Image (Screenshot) Source: http://www.archive.org Copyright Status: This text and audio = Property of AmericanRhetoric.com. Image = Public domain.

Strong Response Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Strong Response - Essay Example e is pointing out a recent victim, The New York University of Art, which lost its rights for uploading any images of their artwork, the reason being the violation of rules and regulations of Facebook. The works included nude images, which is against Facebook policy. The Universitys authority classed this, an unfair action against art; nevertheless, they raised their voice through a blog, complaining about Facebooks rules and regulations. This article was published in The New York Times. The issue being addressed is the problem faced by an institution of art as their work is being deleted and accounts blocked by Facebook as it contains nudity. However, later, the site officials claimed that it was a mistake on their part and they had no intention, whatsoever, of hurting anyones feelings. Moreover, they encouraged people who had lost their work to post it again. Drawing nude live models is considered the most effective way to develop the basic draftsmanship skill of an artist. Hence, it is considered to be the most important part of an artist’s work. Using Facebook as a medium, artists share their work with art lovers all around the globe. Nevertheless, Facebook blocking their work became a deterrent for these artists. Artists have been concerned with the fact that the Facebook officials must have seen that the nude pictures were actual works of art, yet, they decided to block it. The author of this passage seems to blame Facebook for these actions but, in my opinion, if Facebook has some certain terms and conditions then they are free to apply it on all forms of work. Facebook does not allow photos which attack a person or group or images which depict drug use or contain violence or nudity. If Facebook requires its users to follow certain rules and regulations, then we are all required to follow them as responsible individuals. If they say that a photo should not ‘contain’ nudity, then nudity in any form should be banned. Some people are of the view that

KEEPING WILD ANIMALS AS PETS Ecology Coursework Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

KEEPING WILD ANIMALS AS PETS Ecology - Coursework Example This has led to increasing in a number of people who own exotic animals and thus its popularity in UAE. In all ecosystems, it resides in; the tiger is at the top of the food chain. If particular species in the food chain becomes wiped out, there is an unplanned effect on other species. Thus, the loss of one major predator can cause extinction of a victim species as greater rivalry presents a danger to the species (Hinnawi et al. 1987). First, since Tiger is at the top of the food chain, it keeps in check the population of gaur, sambar, wild boar and deer. The populace of these victim species would have an increase if not for tiger to control. Jointly, these paybacks are referred to as ecosystem services. Environmental services are the vital benefits for human beings that occur from healthily working ecosystems, particularly production of water detoxification, soil genesis, and oxygen. Adverse effects on economic development and human welfare. Without the protection of tigers, ecological services like natural flood controls, clean air, clean water and other forest resources would be in danger. Tiger needs these environmental services. Ecotourism is tourism aimed at toward foreign, often endangered, natural environments, particularly to observe wildlife and sustain conservation efforts. Ecotourism will not exist in UAE since if there was a plan to create this business it would not work as tigers face extinction. If single species in the food chain becomes wiped out there is an unplanned effect on other species. The loss of a major predator can indeed cause the extinction of a victim species as superior rivalry presents a danger to the species. It will lead climate change. Wiping out tigers implies that the forests, which are at present, secluded as principal home, would be probably fall victim to unlawful logging, conversion to development and agriculture. This results in increased CO2 production and climate transformation. Keeping wildcat

Woman of the Nineteenth Century Essay Example for Free

Woman of the Nineteenth Century Essay Dear diary, I am a woman by birth, a woman by heart but this country does not recognize it nor understand what it means to be a woman. I have been married for almost twenty years now, maybe twenty two. I am already confused, as my body is tired, to think of the number of years I have been married. I could even barely recall the time I was born or the exact date I was brought to this wretched world. The years seemed to have gone by too fast, yet the pain and the harsh experiences carried in it are still here, in my body and in my heart. Oh how I wish they have all left together with my youth. I am old. My eyes and the skin surrounding it are already too dark and deeply imbedded in their sockets. My lips are too dry to even speak to anyone else. Wrinkles are all over my face, as if representing the countless agonies and hardships I have endured. Marriage is the worst thing that has ever happened in my life. It deprived me of all my individuality and happiness in life. Britain, my country, gives us, women, a hard time by forcing us to marry Britain’s savage men. There are few men compared to women in Britain, yet they are far more savage than us women. They are like wolves hunting for lambs, tearing the flesh out of their victims. Because of marriage, I was not able to enjoy my life as a young adult. I was not able to lavish my self with material things. I was not able to eat exotic foods which I have been dreaming of eating since I was a child. I was not able to wear elegant clothes or build a huge house for myself. I was not able to enjoy the fruits of my labor because I am, or us women, are expected to depend highly on men. The money that I received from the death of my father due to the war was passed on to my husband after marrying him. All the money that I have earned through the countless hours of working was collected by my greedy husband. It’s all thanks to my country’s unwomanly law, the 1882 Married Property Act. It deprived my off all my independence and freedom to live on my own. It imprisoned me in the hands of my no-good husband. I believe that women should be given the equal rights to property and dignity of self-support. I have been dreaming and wanting to divorce him for years, after the first beating I have received from him, months after our wedding. I caught him cheating on me, having sex with an old-hag in our neighborhood. I threw everything that I could lay my hands to him on during that day. The thoughts of killing him also flashed into my mind, but I didn’t, because I feared Britain’s cold prison. I have the right to be angry and should have the right to divorce him, but my country doesn’t give me that right, they simply won’t let me leave him. It is the fault of the Matrimonial Causes Act of 1857 which gives men more power over us women. Because of this law, they can divorce or discard of us anytime they want as long as they provide evidences of adultery committed by their wives. However, even if we caught our men cheating, we cannot divorce them. Even if I was divorced by him (Oh I’d really love to be separated from this beast) this law won’t let me see my angelic children. Giving birth was the most painful for me. I have a slight curvature on my spine. I think this increases the risk of paralysis when giving birth. I assume such thing would happen based on the twenty-ninth woman’s story in the book which I read called â€Å"Motherhood Bondage† by Margaret Sanger. She has three boys, and worked really hard just as I do. If I remember what I read right, her right arm was paralyzed when she gave birth to his second baby and was totally paralyzed (her whole right side) when she gave birth to the third (Sanger 86). I sympathize with her and hope that it does not happen to me. I already have thirteen children, five weak boys and eight sickly girls, at my age of 40. Luckily, I have not experienced any paralysis. But it was definitely painful. Having these lovely angels give me hope and uplifts my spirit. However, having so many children can also be a burden especially if a husband doesn’t provide financial support to his wife, just like what my husband does to me. My husband doesn’t support us that much. I am only able to raise my beautiful angels because I hide some money from work. My fool husband can beat me to death but I will never give him all my money, especially the little savings I have for my children. Truthfully, I love all of my children, but I do not want any more of them. On the contrary, my husband seems to want more. Well, not particularly children, but specifically sex. He comes home late at night in his elegant pants and fine coat, hiding the beast within him. He’s always drunk and is fond of beating me. My sadist husband rapes me every night, pushing my face to the hard headboard of our meager bed. He enjoys every scream I utter in our small room that echoing the pain on the soiled walls. He thinks that I am his property, an object which he can toss around and dispense anytime he wanted. He arouses me by playing with my clitoris, stimulating my body to lubricate the part which he wants more than his wife; my vagina. If he accidentally hurts his private organ by pushing too hard, he strangles me and yells that I am sexually frigid. He questions my capability to have a vaginal orgasm and argues that I am sexually incompetent. But to tell you the truth, he is simply ignorant. My stupid husband who only finished his secondary education thinks he is superior and very intelligent, but he does not know much and does not actually understand women. Vaginal orgasm is purely men’s idea about women and neglects the fact that the â€Å"vagina is not a highly sensitive area and is not constructed to achieve orgasm,† it is the clitoris, which is the women’s â€Å"center of sexual sensitivity and which is the female equivalent of the penis† (Koedt 133). Is it still my fault for being sexually aroused yet sexually unsatisfied? I did not want to have sex with him on the first place (and I would like to emphasize that right now, I really regret marrying him) but he keeps using me, treating me as a sex slave. His sexual appetite seems unquenchable like a wolf who returns every night, wanting to devour another lamb. I am already old and my husband as well, but his yearning for sex is as vigorous as ever. Remembering our honeymoon or our first night together was really exciting. My heart was beating really fast as he unfolds every clothing that hides my smooth and tender skin. With every touch, my heart skips a beat. With every kiss, my cheeks turn red and my bosoms rise as if they were touching heaven. When he first entered me, it was painful, yet pleasurable in a way. It was like dream, only that time it was real. However, having sex with him few weeks after that was like nightmare; it was a living hell. As a woman, my right for voluntary womanhood is violated. I simply cannot stop him from having sex with me. Everytime I disagree with his yearning or push him away, he comes back with a forceful punch or a hard kick on my stomach, on my face or on my chest. I can no longer refuse to submit to my husband’s sexual demands. Something which I believe is a right which should be given to me, as a woman, as a mother and as an individual. I believe that there should be â€Å"right on the part of a woman to decide when she shall become a mother, how often and under what circumstances† (Grimke 942). I am a woman by birth, a woman by heart but my husband, the men in this country, my country, do not recognize it nor understand what it means to be a woman. I know that writing this on a piece of paper won’t do much. But I am hoping that someday, somebody who has power or understands women sees this and liberates me or at least women from the shackles of this patriarchal society. I am old, but my heart as a woman will forever be young; young in the sense that it had never been given the right to grow. When I die, I hope that this woman in me is cherished, nurtured and developed by others. Diary, can you help me find that person? Please? I hope you can, and I hope it’s soon. Works Cited Grimke, Sarah. On Voluntary Motherhood. For Women Only! Your Guide to Health Empowerment. Eds. Gary Null and Barbara Seaman. Canada: Seven Stories Press, 1999. Koedt, Ann. The Myth of the Vaginal Orgasm. Public Women, Public Words: A Documentary History of American Feminism. Ed. Dawn Keetley. UK: Rowman and Littlefield Publishers, Inc. , 1970. Sanger, Margaret. Motherhood in Bondage. New York: Brentanos, Inc. , 2000.

Chinese and American Cultures Essay -- Culture Cultural Tan Jen Essays

Chinese and American Cultures Chinese-Americans authors Amy Tan and Gish Jen have both grappled with the idea of mixed identity in America. For them, a generational problem develops over time, and cultural displacement occurs as family lines expand. While this is not the problem in and of itself, indeed, it is natural for current culture to gain foothold over distant culture, it serves as the backdrop for the disorientation that occurs between generations. In their novels, Tan and Jen pinpoint the cause of this unbalance in the active dismissal of Chinese mothers by their Chinese-American children. In The Joy Luck Club, Amy Tan calls close attention to the idea of unrealization and forgetfulness. Through these two factors, Tan attempts to explain displacement on the pasts of both mothers and daughters. The daughters, we find, are lost and wandering, and the mothers themselves seem paralyzed by secret pasts of pain and sacrifice. For them, the past is a tenuous, ghostly thing that goes undigested for some time. For many of them, it is not ever talked about. The death of Suyuan Woo is attributed to this: â€Å" ‘ She had a new idea in her head,’ said my father. ‘But before it could come out of her mouth, the thought grew too big and burst. It must have been a very bad idea.’ â€Å"The doctor said she died of a cerebral aneurysm. And her friends at the Joy Luck Club said she died just like a rabbit: quickly and with unfinished business left behind† (Tan 19). Suyuan had a secret that she had kept from her daughter, Jing-Mei her entire life: two sisters that had been left behind while she fled from China. While it cannot be said that this was what caused her to have an aneurysm, the symbolism of having unfinished business, and ... ...er granddaughter eating the Chinese side. Addie in â€Å"Just Wait† is withdrawn from her entire family because she simply does not fit in and is placed, with a weak struggle, in the same category as her unwell brother. Duncan in â€Å"Duncan in China† cannot accept the China he visits because he only has images of the regal past in his head. Both novel and short story collection reflect the fear of a past being unexplored and left behind. They express deep concern about a lost generation of Chinese-Americans and look desperately for the ignored, shut out past as a result. Works Cited: Jen, Gish. Who’s Irish? New York: Alfred A Knopf, 1999. Tan, Amy. The Joy Luck Club. New York: G.P. Putnam’s Sons, 1989. Xu, Ben. â€Å"Memory and the Ethnic Self; Reading Amy Tan’s Joy Luck Club† in Memory, Narrative, and Identity: New Essays in Ethnic American Literatures. 261-77.

Acid Rain Research Paper Essay

Rain is one of the most dire and essential needs for a thriving ecosystem, and to sustain human, animal, and plant life. The water provided by the water cycle, the event causing rain, is required to keep all life on Earth alive. Rain, although naturally acidic, seems to have been increasing at a rapid rate due to many reasons. Some of these many reasons include, pollution. Pollution from homes, factories, power stations, cars, and many more man-made products. So even though rain, while naturally acidic, was not referred to as â€Å"Acid Rain† till man-made pollutions began to alter it in a greater way. The effect of these pollutions on rain, is now the reason why acid rain is of existence. However, contrary to popular belief, acid rain isn’t just a problem that’s occurred in the past thirty years. Over a hundred years ago, a chemist named Robert Smith found great evidence that the rainfall in Manchester, U.K. was more acidic than reasonable. After studying chemicals like sulphur dioxide, he found a link between the increased acidity in the rain and the amount of chemicals being given off when coal was burnt in factories. Acidity levels in rain rise mainly when pollutants from all aforementioned sources are mixed with the atmospheric moisture. Due to this mixing of the atmosphere, it is incredibly hard to maintain and/or contain the levels of acidity in rain to a single area. Pollutants and chemicals may be carried in clouds over incredibly long distances before finally resulting in downpour. This means that outside of factories and industrial zones, acid rain can hit commercial areas, and can also spread to wildlife areas, such as rainforests, forests, jungles, and other biomes. All this attributes to the rising rates of acidic rain over the past 100 years. The effects of acid rain on living things, such as plants, marine life, animals, and humans? There is an obvious and increasing link between acid rain and the harm done to organic life. Primarily, since more easily documentable, human health seems to be affected the most in this trifle. People can be harmed by breathing in toxins, chemicals, and pollutants, from either dry deposits of this acid rain, or chemicals can be released through vapor/liquid form. This can range from causing chest illnesses, breathing problems, birth defects, and other unusual diseases more and more commonly being revealed as time progresses. Some birth defects include, but are not limited to, birth without certain limbs, birth without ability to reproduce, or lacking reproductive organs completely, and other respiratory conditions. These respiratory conditions occur because when toxins burrow into the lungs, it acts as a poison, and causes the airways to get narrower. The narrowing of the respiratory system’s airways causes it to become harder to breathe. The same conditions exist for other organic life, only in a slightly different manner. Marine life and animals seem to exhibit nearly the same conditions that humans do, except with less frequent birth rates with lack of limbs. Breathing gets more difficult for all living organisms with a respiratory system, or similar breathing mechanism. However, acid rain becomes a much more complex matter when dealing with plants. Over the progression of time, scientists have noted a slowed progression of forests, leaves turning brown and dying whereas they should be green and healthy. After massive conductions of tests, scientists have noted that acid rain is one of the primary reasons for dying/slowed/injured rainforests. In other studies, it’s shown that soil degradation is a product resulting from acid rain, mainly in the eastern regions of the US. The effects of acid rain on buildings? The acidity levels in rain have a much slower impact on constructions and buildings than they do on organic life, but the impact is still notice, increasingly over the past few years. It is a proven scientific fact that acids have a corrosive effect on many buildings and sculptures, most notably, the statue of liberty. The Statue Of Liberty, being made from  copper, has an extreme reaction when having dealt with acid rain. As well as having a dire effect on constructions of copper, other materials such as limestone and marble also have an extreme corrosive reaction to acids and acid rain. It is scientific fact that any wet or dry deposition of sulfur dioxide drastically increases the rate of corrosion on limestone, marbles, sandstones, and coppers. A common test to prove this would be dropping an egg into vinegar, a test many have conducted as proof to this fact. Eggshells are made from the same materials as limestone, calcium carbonate, and vinegar also has a great acidity level. Within an hour from dropping this egg into the vinegar, the shell will completely dissolve. In these two pictures you can see the effects of acids on different construction material. This massively demonstrates the fatalities of acidic rain levels being increased over time. In the picture to the right, the eggs in water and orange are practically new, where as the egg in coke seems to have a few obstructions. However, the egg that is in the vinegar, is shown to be completely dissolving with bubbles even popping out from around it. In the picture to the left it show’s the stature of liberty as how it once used to be (Artists depiction), and of how it is now. These drastic effects are fatal on the environment, natural or manmade. Solutions to solve this problem of acid rain? To reduce the acidity levels of rain, industries must cut down the amount of sulphur dioxide being produced when fossil fuels are burned and used. Viewing it like this, industries have a few options in which to choose from. They can produce and use coal that has little to no amounts of sulphur on it, research can be done to find a way in which to remove sulphur from coal. Other choices, but less conventional range from using a different kind of fuel, or researching a way in which when the coal is burned, the sulfur is destroyed before being emissed into the atmosphere. There seems to be many ways to combat this issue, but the most conventional seems to be halting the emissions of pollutants all in all. Reducing the amount of nitrogen oxide emissions caused by car exhaust is an effective solution. Public transport systems need to be improved so that people can travel without having to use their cars. If more people used public transport, it would cut the number of  private vehicles on the roads, and would reduce pollution dramatically. Everybody needs to work together to reduce pollutants to make the world a safer and healthier place to live. In conclusion, acid rain continues to develop into a greater and more massive problem as time progresses. However, if certain countermeasures are taken, which in hindsight, shouldn’t have to have been even contemplated if measures were taken in the past, can prevent acidity levels in rain to become a greater problem than it already is. In addition to limiting its growth, we can also work together, industries and the common denizens of society, to lowering its level as a whole.

Effective Communication Essay

Effective communication is essential for any Nursery settings too succeed. Its important to maintain effective communication within the nursery as this enables an open and honest approach between parents, children and staff. By using a simple tool called the 4Cs Model, which stands for Comprehension, Connection, Credibility, and Contagiousness are simple but effective way off communicating. It’s easy to understand and simple to apply to every piece of communication you produce at work whether it’s an email, newsletter PowerPoint. (Isabelle Albanese About.com Human Recourses). The 4Cs model is a useful tool for objectively evaluating the effectiveness of many forms of communication: what’s working, what isn’t working, and why.Effective communication is very important to every day work in a nursery we should implement skills that continuously develop to be able to use them effectively i.e.: newsletters, emails coffee morning with parents as this allows the staff to look beyond their self-interests and focus on what is best for the nursery. With the following here is a brief about how we can understand and implement the 4cs in the nursery setting, Comprehension making sure the message is clear and sharp, keeping it simple don’t go too deep. Connection amongst the staff is a vital aspect, it allows them to understand their reactions, wants, and needs through communication. When there is growth in the nursery there is constant change, it’s a great idea to get connected and stay connected amongst them selves and also with the parents and children. Credibility? the audience needs to believe who is saying it what is being said, and how it is being said. Otherwise, any connection begins to break down – immediately. Contagiousness ?In communications, contagiousness is a good thing. You want your audience to â€Å"catch the message,† run with it, and spread it around. To be contagious, a message has to be energetic, new, different, and memorable. It should also evoke a vivid emotional response. (Susan M. Heathfield).In the nursery setting staff collaboration is very  important for establishing positive relationships to respect and accept each other’s differences and work towards the common interest of the nursery. Also to promote direct and honest communication and engage in active listening with each other so the staff can reduce miscommunication, it will encourage them to share their needs with each other together as a team and will enable the company’s vision and explain that the key to realizing that vision is to work together as a unit. Here is a list of why staff should communicate in the work setting. * To maintain and promote good working relationships * To encourage the children to communicate effectively * To share knowledge and information * To ensure that everybody knows where they stand * To get their point across and ensure safety in the work environment * To help each other to understand how you are feeling and act accordingly * To work together * To prevent errors * Express your wants and needs * To help build and maintain trust * To negotiate and liaise with others (Claire Sherwood- Sunday, 25th September 2011) In nursery settings there will be huge numbers of messages every day. But effective communication is about more than just exchanging information; it’s also about understanding the emotion behind the information. Effective communication can improve relationships in the nursery settings work, and in social situations by deepening your connections to others and improving teamwork, decision-making, and problem solving. It enables you to communicate even negative or difficult messages without creating conflict or destroying trust.

10 Words for Categories of Words

10 Words for Categories of Words 10 Words for Categories of Words 10 Words for Categories of Words By Mark Nichol Antonym, homonym, pseudonym. Do nyms make you numb? Here’s a handy guide to words, familiar or unfamiliar, for classes of words: Acronym: An abbreviation, pronounced as a word, consisting of the initial letters of a multiword name or expression. It can consist entirely of uppercase letters (NASA) –thought British English has adopted an initial-cap style, which is employed in American English for longer acronyms like Nasdaq or lowercase letters (radar); the latter are also known as anacronyms. Anepronym: A trademarked brand name now used generically, such as aspirin or kleenex. Antonym: A word distinguished from another with an opposite meaning, such as large, as compared to small. There’s also a class of words called autoantonyms, contranyms, or contronyms, single words with contrasting meanings, like oversight, which can mean either â€Å"responsibility for† or â€Å"failure to be responsible for.† Eponym: A proper or common name deriving from another name, as San Francisco (in honor of St. Francis) or many scientific terms, such as watt (named after James Watt) and volt (from Allesandro Volta). Heteronym: A word spelled the same way for different meanings, such as wear (to clothe oneself) as opposed to wear (to atrophy); sometimes, as in this case, however, they have the same origin. A heteronym can be pronounced differently depending on meaning, such as bass, the musical instrument, and bass, the fish; this type of word is also called a heterophone. Homonym: A word pronounced or spelled the same but different in meaning, like hi and high (also called homophones). Bass, referred to above, is both a heteronym and a homonym. (Does that make it a binym or a duonym?) The homonym sow, which can mean a female animal such as a pig or can refer to planting seeds, is also a homograph, meaning that not only its pronunciation but also its origin and definition can differ. Metonym: A term that identifies something by its association: Articles about Microsoft often used to refer to the company metonymically as Redmond, the city in Washington State where its headquarters are located, just as Washington stands in for the U.S. government. Pseudonym: A name adopted by an author, such as Charles Lutwidge Dodgson’s use of Lewis Carroll. In a literary context, this is often referred to as a nom de plume (â€Å"name of the pen†). A related term is nom de guerre (â€Å"name of war†), originally in reference to French Foreign Legion enlistees who masked their identities but since then employed by guerrilla fighters to avoid reprisals against their families. Other examples of pseudonyms include stage names (performing arts), ring names (professional wrestling), and handles (computer hacking, or CB or ham radio operation). Synonym: A word with the same meaning as another, such as small, as compared to little. Toponym: A place name, whether it retains capitalization, or is lowercased in generic usage, such as burgundy. Dozens of other -nym words exist many for, as you might imagine, obscure classes of words. Want to improve your English in five minutes a day? Get a subscription and start receiving our writing tips and exercises daily! Keep learning! Browse the Vocabulary category, check our popular posts, or choose a related post below:Is She a "Lady" or a "Woman"?Rules for Capitalization in TitlesParticular vs. Specific

Concept Analysis Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

Concept Analysis - Research Paper Example Fortunately, these are steadfast and always find a place for the duty of care as this form the tenets of their profession. This is the place of nursing in our contemporary set up. The importance of those in the profession is largely ignored by the public and their value is only recognized when one is need of their expertise. It is this maligned nature of the profession that has strengthened the call for â€Å"the heart of nursing†. The heart of nursing is an apparent reference to a set of qualities that a nurse needs to discharge their duty in oblivion of the external factors that would otherwise affect successful discharge of commensurate duties. This is a key part of ensuring successful delivery of nursing care in light of pandemic ailments affecting the world populace (Schnatz, 2007). In trying to understand nursing and what it encapsulates we must try to look at the underlying enablers of nursing care. It should be noted that nursing as a practice is as strongly reliant on professional education as it is on human duty and obligation to care for others. Notably, in primitive societies where the decision to be a nurse (caregiver) was made on behalf of a person at birth the successful discharge of nursing duties was still possible. ... In the midst of these informal means of gathering nursing expertise the sole or the basic drive was the willingness to care given the plight of patients. The fact that nursing has been existent since antiquity and the knowledge that the first formal nurse training school was established in 1872, nurse training school of Women’s Hospital of Philadelphia, further underlines the duty for care or compassion as the most fundamental aspect in nursing (Egenes, 2010). Method of concept analysis and why this method was chosen In discussing compassion as nursing’s most precious asset or as the most dominant altruistic ideal in nursing care this study adopts Chinn & Kramer’s (1991) approach to concept analysis. Chinn & Kramer (1991) identify the purpose of their concept analysis approach as â€Å"producing tentative definition of the concept and a set of tentative criteria for determining if the concept ‘exists’ in a particular situation (88). Under this appro ach the first step is selecting the concept, clarifying the purpose, identifying the sources of data, exploring context and values and formulating criteria. Data sources Data to be used in the concept analysis will be derived from existent studies on nursing care and specific review of compassion and compassionate care as a key ideal in nursing. A host of this information is published in peer reviewed journals and professional websites which have sought to explain and research on nursing. Equally important will be historical data on the place of nursing in our society as well as the foundations and prerequisites of being a successful care giver. In essence, this analysis envisions that successful care giving as a factor is determined by the compassion of the care

Finance Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 3000 words - 1

Finance - Essay Example These open ended funds are still hailing the demanding curse of present age. Using the mutual fund scheme was more beneficial for the investors and was less fruitful for the manager or the body managing and investing the funds. Therefore to make more money from limited funds a newer system was stemmed into the fabric of trade. That system was to engage poor into this business by investing money in the form of blocks. This trick helped the managing body to withdraw more money out of the flow in the form of commission. On the contrary it involved less investment share which was easy to contribute by an average investors. Hence it had the characteristics of close ended mutual fund accompanied by replication of index. This system was easy to manipulate and friendly to the traders. In a nut shell the trade of funds took place in exchange of securities. It was a simple game that could be played without time limit. It had small shares than mutual funds, was more idealized and encouraged by majority of traders and investors. This scheme of investing the funds was given the name of exchange trade funds. It is the combination of index fund and close ended fund. Exchange trade system is more efficient than mutual fund system because it is easy to trade on fewer expanses and trade does not have time limits, buying and selling can be performed in same day. â€Å"ETFs have very low expense ratios, are traded intraday and are purchased from the secondary market through a broker who receives a commission†. (Rogers 108) The idea of joint or combined investment is centuries old even when there was no concept of currency. This fashion of mutual investment was started by the merchants particularly in Europe. While peeping into the past, the merchants of 17th century practiced to take their goods to the far areas where they were able to earn a handsome interest on their investment. But the urge to gain more profit forced their minds to seek some new

Ways in Which Couples can Seek to Reduce Taxation Liabilities on Essay

Ways in Which Couples can Seek to Reduce Taxation Liabilities on Investments and Savings - Essay Example This is also the case for governments and institutions. So the question is therefore how such a financial stability can be achieved? The most obvious answer to this is by investing. Investing refers to the deliberate and calculated directing of funds into revenue generating activities. Almost invariably not all individuals are born into financial security. As a result they must therefore find ways to channel their finances such that they can grow significantly unto the future. Usually investments are made directly out of savings; savings out of personal income. The economic model for this relationship is given as i 0 f (s); s  f (y). This therefore means that investments are a consequence of foregone present consumption of personal income. This may perhaps be the elusive point to most young people eyeing for immediate financial prosperity without the sacrifice of and discipline regarding present consumption. After the establishing the origin of investments, a need arises to examine what the deciding and influencing factors for investments are. Economists present a direct relationship between investments and the interest rates for the underlined security i.e. i  f (r). Both households and institutions will make their investment decisions based on the expected rate of returns as expressed in relation to the prevailing interest rates in the market. Another influencing factor in investment determination (both the amount and area of investment) is the risk level associated with the investment. The Capital Asset Pricing Model postulates that the expected returns for any asset or investment is a function of the investor’s risk tolerance level as expressed through the variation in the realized from expected returns within the market. This means that the investments have a risk-reward mechanism where the investor’s tolerance to market uncertainties will primarily determine how much returns they shall get from chosen investments. Thirdly, the tax treatm ent on investment is also a crucial determinant for investment ventures. Investors would like to know what percentage of their earnings from investment would be paid out as tax. The tax treatment on investments made by singles, married couples and partners in civil unions is different. For this reason, this essay examines ways in which the tax obligation on investments made by married couples or those in civil partnerships in the United Kingdom can be reduced. Discussion Different types of investments have different tax treatments (www.pru.co.uk). This therefore means that the impact of any taxation as well as any tax relief will depend on the particular circumstances for the individual of which are subject to future change without notice. These considerations become more complex in civil partnerships where a disparity in the amounts earned or assets owned becomes a challenge in making financial decisions based on emotive feelings. According to British Laws on taxation, all couples (whether or not they are married or in civil partnerships or are cohabiting) are taxed separately as individuals. Every tax paying individual in Britain is entitled to the first part of their income free of tax. This is referred to as a personal allowance. All incomes in excess of this amount are therefore subject to the applicant tax rules. The personal allowance depends on the age of the individual and the total level of income over the taxable period. In this regard, there are three levels of personal allowance as shown in the table below relating to the current budget period 2012/2013: Personal income Basic personal allowance (?) Adjusted net income limit (?) Age 64 and below 8,105 100,000 Age 65-74

Agency budget Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Agency budget - Research Paper Example icant change is expected in terms of sales and gross margins, which in the next five years is estimated at; $300,000, $350,000 and $550,000 for year 1,2,3 respectively. The net profit expected within this period will be $10,000, $50,000, and $100,000 respectively for year 1, 2, 3. An investment of up to $1,000,000 is likely to be injected in the projects to realize the mentioned above monetary gains. Crexoc advertising agency will design and build after which it will test and deploy the email advertising campaign. Part of the project will entail reporting the progress of the real time, which gives the customer convenience in terms of flexibility (Kitcher, 2011). Crexoc will finally do an analysis of its success to find out on the other areas to support the tool in future campaigns of thee company. Email marketing is a scientifically developed tool with effective strategies that are geared to assure the company the success of reaching so many clients in real time. The basic threat is only the risk that the potential customer might completely reject the advertising. Crexoc advertising agency plans through this project to offer marketing services to companies willing to adopt the same techniques as a cornerstone of their marketing program. They estimate that email marketing will launch over 250 billion emails across the cyberspace in a cost effective manner and maximized effects. I t is worthwhile to note that research has it that email ad-response rates are currently averaged at around 15% (Lee, 2003). The company will use the already established extensive network of contacts with companies already using the mode of marketing. In addition, it will engage its internal expertise to launch an intensive email marketing campaign to selected groups (Shore & Carfora, 2011). The groups entail 50,000 selected businesses quarterly with online companies targeted as suitable while offline companies will be targeted as long-term strategies. Sales are expected to strategically

Kitchen Cleaning

Kitchen Cleaning Introduction Germs love your kitchen because of the ready supply of food. Food can be contaminated with germs when it is exposed to other foodstuffs, work surfaces or even your hands. Thus, to prevent this, make sure you keep your kitchen hygiene and safe from all germs.Food should always be stored at the correct temperature, so make sure to consult the product labels and use commonsense with fresh products. Check the thermometer on your refrigerator regularly and organize the contents. Always keep in mind that raw and cooked food should never be stored together. Plum the sauce in super for many things with cold meat, as a paste mixed with soy sauce for barbecuing, sandwiches with cheese or cold meat or poultry, as a zest or game casseroles. It is also ideal to spread over lamb when roasting as it added colors well as delicious flavor. For crispy brown bakes vegetables, preheat the one on GRILL. Place the potato and pumpkin on grill tray and cook on GRILL for at least five minutes. Beans and sauce can be reheated together on HIGH for two to three minutes. Few tips should be kept in mind while cooking vegetables. When using whole vegetables, allow air space around each portion to ensure even cooking. Secondly, the greater the surface area of the vegetables, the less time they will end up take to cook. Aluminum Foil can also be used safely, if certain guidelines are followed respectively. This is because the aluminum foil reflects microwave energy. Foil can also be used to advantage in some recipes and can be used to prevent overcooking also. Straw and wicker baskets may be used in the microwave oven for short periods of time to warm rolls or bread. Large wooden utensils, such as bowls or cutting boards, should not be used for prolonged heating as the microwave energy may cause the wood to become dry and brittle. The skin of membranes on some foods will definitely cause steam to build up during microwave cooking. Therefore, foods must always be pierced, scored or at least have a strip of skin peeled off before the cooking in order to allow the steam to escape. Baked goods do not need a long cooking time and therefore, do not brown. When cakes or cupcakes will be iced no one will notice this visual difference. Thus, brown sugar can be used in the recipe in place of castor sugar. In order to get the best results using Auto Defrost is to ensure that the food which has to be defrosted is frozen for at least 48 hours. Then, make sure to remove meat, fish or poultry from its wrapping and place it in an uncovered dish. The quantities which is less than 200 g are the best cooked by manual power and time. For proper cooking results in the microwave, it is important to follow the directions in the recipes regarding the container size and the covering. Important tips for cooking in the microwave are that the dishes should always be securely covered, either with a lid designed for the dish, or even with a plastic wrap and the dishes without their own lids should be completely, but loosely, covered with plastic wrap. In order to prevent the heat from softening and breaking the plastic wrap of the dish, ensure the wrap does not touch the items being cooked. If you are concerned that the wrap will touch the food, then leave a little in it before sealing the wrap down around the dish. This will allow the wrap to lift away from the food as steam builds under it. During standing time loosen plastic wrap by piercing. Always remove the plastic wrap and lids away from you to avoid stem burn and make sure you do not use oven roasting bags as well as freezer bags for microwave heating. Different types of cakes and biscuits are usually best cooked in different metal pans and trays as they have good heat retention. All shallow baking trays are ideal for baking biscuits on and are readily available at many kitchenware shops Summary As with conventional cooking, it is often necessary to turn a tray of biscuits around halfway though cooking to give an even color. When cooking on convection heat, it is important that you remove the turntable and roller ring before preheating the oven. When cooking the meat or poultry by Combination cooking, the food should be placed on the Wire Rack. The rack should be usually placed in a 3 cm deep oblong microwave-safe and a heat resistant dish on the turntable tray. Grill trays should always be placed on drip trays or a roasting pan. This will prevent the food from sitting the grease and juices and gives a crispier exterior. It can even be brushed with oil r melted butter to aid in washing up. Vulnerable foods which attract microwaves (dairy foods, fatty meat and sugar) should be placed underneath and dense food items (vegetables) on top for the best heat penetration and because the temperature of the oil cannot be controlled in a microwave oven, do not attempt deep frying. Always avoid overcooking of food. As in a conventional oven, overcooking can cause food to burn, or just dry out. A few too many seconds can ruin food by microwaves so it is best too cook foods to the minimum times suggested. It is easy to test the food while it is cooking in a microwave oven. Because the heat is instantaneous, the oven does not have to reheat after being opened briefly. If foods are tested while cooking, you can vary suggested times to suit your tastes. When heating 110 g baby food or formula, select HIGH for 15 to 30 seconds, depending on the amount of food or liquid and the starting temperature of it. Test the temperature before serving or further heating of the baby food. To melt chocolate, place 100 g of broken chocolate in a 1-litre glass jug and heat it on MEDIUM-HIGH for 2 to 3 minutes. As e chocolate holds its shape after heating, stir and stand it before adding extra time to cooking. To blanch (250 ml) nuts, place it in a pie place. Cover with hot tap water and heat on HIG for 2 to 3 minutes. Rinse it in cold water and rub it between sheets of paper towel to remove skins. In order to make buttered breadcrumbs, combine 250ml breadcrumbs and 30 ml butter and heat it on High for 1 to 2 minutes, stirring occasionally. And to toast coconut, place 125 ml on a plate and cook on HIGH for 1 to 2 minutes, stirring occasionally. For an added touch at diner parties, steam your own hand towels. Saturate in cold water, wring and place it on turn table tray. Heat it on HIGH for 1 to 2 minutes. And to soften cream cheese or butter, place it in an oven on MEDIUM-LOW for half a minute to one minute per 125 ml. To remove oven odors, combine 2 ml vanilla essence with 250ml water in a small bowl and heat it on HIGH in a small bowl and heat on HIGH for 4 to 5 minutes. Wipe the oven interior then with a damp cloth. While microwaving boiled eggs, doesnt save you time, it does save you electricity, best of all, washing up. If you want more than one egg use a larger dish, more water (say 500 ml) and cook a little longer (an extra 2 to 4 minutes). While you are likely to hear a certain amount of popping while cooking fried eggs, this can be lessened easily to a degree by just pricking the egg yolk and white with a toothpick several times before cooking. But make sure, that the eggs should be moist at the end of cooking as a minute of standing time will give the eggs a chance to set. Place the meat on a rack in a rectangular dish. Beef rib roast should be placed cut side down. Other bone in roasts should be placed fat side down. Boneless roast should be placed fat side up and halfway through cooking turn roasts. And for best results, select roasts that are uniform in shape. To prevent overcooking or dying of thin areas of meat, it can be shielded at the beginning of cooking or halfway through cooking. If you wish to shield at the beginning of cooking, remove the foil halfway through the cooking time. Description All beef and pork rib roasts should always be shielded by the bones. The foil should also extend about 5 cm down from the bones and the shank, thin ends of boneless roasts, should be shielded at all times of cooking. Loosely cover all types of meat with wax paper or even a paper towel in order to prevent splatter. If a large amount of juice accumulates in the bottom of the dish, then drain occasionally. If desired, reserve it for making gravy. Canned hams should be shielded on the top cut edge with a 3 cm strip of foil. Wrap the strip of foil around ham and secure it to body of ham with wooden toothpicks. You need to fold 2 cm over the cut surface. Half hams should be shielded by wrapping an 8 cm wide strip of foil around the large end of the ham. Secure it to the body of the ham with wooden toothpicks. Then fold 3 cm over the cut surface. In order to check the temperature of the meat, a thermometer is used. It helps in giving accurate indication as to how well the meat is done. You need to make sure the thermometer shall not touch the bone of fat because if it does, then the reading could be inaccurate. To give a perfectly less tender cut of meat by the microwave, ensure that the meat is in the bottom of the dish, covered with liquid. The vegetables are then placed on the top and make sure that you dont stir your casserole until the cooking is completed. Jacket potatoes usually cook well on the root vegetable setting and go not need to be covered. They just simply need to be pricked for at least 2 or 3 times and need to be placed on a paper towel on the turntable. In order to check that your cake is cooked or no, try inserting a wooden toothpick in the centre. It should come out clean. And then after cooking, the cakes should be left in the container for about 5 to 10 minutes, standing on a flat surface, before turning onto a wire rack to cool. To bake 23 cm layers of a cake, each layer must be baked separately. Remove the turntable and the roller ring as well. Place the oven rack then in the oven and preheat the oven to temperature indicated in recipes. Then just place the dish on the oven rack. Few tips and directions should always be kept in mind while baking the cakes. You should always grease the cake pans or even flour the cakes according to the recipe directions and for cupcakes, especially line the metal patty tins with paper cases. Make sure that you never leave the oven door open for a long time when checking to see if your cake is done or no. Even when putting the food in to the oven on BAKE, as it will just end up loosing the heat rapidly. Thus, it will make the cooking process slower. When you are beating the eggs for a sponge, you definitely should use a small bowl. When the sugar is dissolved transfer mixture to a larger bowl to add the remaining ingredients. Although an extra bowl is used, you will end up getting a sponge with a greater volume. In order to make the icing of a coffee cake, sift the icing sugar completely with coffee powder and add melted butter and milk in it. Stir it well in order to make it a soft paste. Spread it over the cool cake then and sprinkle it with coconut or even mixed nuts. Your coffee cake will then be ready to be served. In order to check if the jam has reached the setting point, place a few drops onto a cold saucer. Leave it to cool, and then gently push the jam from one edge with a finger. If the surface wrinkles, or skin has formed, the jam will be set. In order to make mango chutney, place a mango and apple in a bowl and sprinkle it with salt. Stand it overnight. Rinse and drain the fruit and place it in a large dish and add onions to it. Cover and cook it on HIGH for 6 minutes, stirring it halfway through cooking and add a little bit of sugar, vinegar and spices as well. Cover and cook it gain for another 15 minutes and pour it into sterilized jars and seal it. The appeal of a deep fried camembert starter is the way in which the ripe Camembert cheese oozes out of its crisp coating when its cut. Make sure the cheese is just ripe before coating, and then keep it well chilled right up to the moment of deep-frying. If the cheese is allowed to stand at room temperature, it will become over-ripe and ooze out of the coating during frying Conclusion Crunchy baked potato skins are an American idea. Put a spoonful or two of dressing in each potato skin and either eats with the fingers as the Americans do, or with a knife and fork if you prefer. They are equally good served as a starter or as a quick and easy snack. Bruschetta is Tuscan garlic bread made with dense Italian bread, with rich green oil and garlic. The success of this dish depends completely on the ingredients of the dish as the soggy pre-sliced white bread and bland vegetable oil will just not do. Making button mushrooms can give a very delicious flavour. There is no need to wash or peel them, as you just need to wipe it with a wet cloth. Tarragon has a very distinctive flavour, which marries well with mushroom, and the soured cream gives a hint of piquancy. If you are making a pepper and yogurt starter a long time in advance, keep it covered in the refrigerator. Remove from the refrigerator at least one hour before serving it. It should be served at room temperature, and not chilled. A carrot and a celeriac vinaigrette is a colourful dish which should only be served usually in the winters, especially when both the carrots and celeriac are plentiful. Granary or wholemeal bread and butter would just be the ideal accompaniment for this dish. Cheese and pears are a delightful combination, and dessert pears make a refreshing change from avocados in this starter. Comice is a good choice, as they are mouth wateringly juicy when fully ripe. Make sure they are still firm through because, as with all pears, they have to be eaten at just the right moment. Light spinach, cheese, and egg starters usually take their name from the round moulds with straight or slightly sloping sides in which they were originally baked. They are called timbales. This version is commonly cooked in more familiar ramekin dishes. There is a difference between a tomato omelette and a classic French omelette, as a tomato one is cooked for a very short time and served folded over. It is more like a Spanish tortilla, and a flat omelette is cooked for a longer time, and then browned under a hot grill so that both the sides become firm. While making a sprout soufflà ©, the tiny bubbles of air trapper within the egg whites expand as they are heated, puffing up the base mixtures to which they were added, by as much as two thirds of its original size. When making hot soufflà ©s, it is important to follow the recipe precisely; and make sure not try to cut the corners. Always while making curried eggs, make sure to serve this dish in a ring of boiled rice, accompanied by mango chutney and a cucumber salad dressed with natural yogurt and flavoured with fresh mint. Serve it hot, wit the yoghurt drizzled over the top and garnish it with coriander. In order to make a mushroom flan, the base is simply made from a wholemeal breadcrumb and yoghurt, which is less fattening than a conventional short crust pastry base. If you prefer a pastry base, either use a 225 g packet frozen short crust pastry, thawed, or short crust pastry made with 150 g flour. Almost any vegetable is good on a pizza. So try sliced fresh tomatoes; steamed fresh spinach; sliced canned artichokes; mushrooms; aubergine; courgettes or even baby onions. Cut all these vegetables into small chunks or slices and sautà ©ed in olive oil. Most firm cheeses with good melting properties are suitable for topping pizzas. Mozzarella is a traditional type of cheese, which is usually used in pizzas. However, there are quite different types of cheeses too which can be used in pizzas such as Bel Paese, Fontina, Taleggio, Gruyere or even Parmesan Cheese. Two tablespoons of honey and three tablespoons of Cinnamon powder, mix it with 16 ounces of tea water, if given to a cholesterol patient, it reduces the level of cholesterol in the bloody by 10% within two hours. It has been said that pure honey should be taken with food daily in order to relieve complains of cholesterol. Make a paste of honey and cinnamon powder, apply it on your bread and eat it regularly for breakfast instead of jam and jelly. This results in reducing the cholesterol in the arteries and saves the patient from heat attacks also. Make sure to drink honey and cinnamon powder boiled in one cup of water daily in the morning,  ½ hour before breakfast on an empty stomach. This will definitely show positive results if it is taken regularly. Also drinking of this mixture regularly does not allow the fat to accumulate in the body even though the person may eat a high calorie diet. If you dont own a food processor, finely chop the onion, garlic, ginger and tomato and then mash the avocado before mixing with the remaining ingredients.

Clearly Canadian Beverage Corporation Inventories Analysis :: essays research papers

Clearly Canadian Beverage Corporation Inventories analysis A.  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  As a manufacturing company, Clearly Canadian Corporation, which produces and markets natural and flavored beverage products is expected to hold three kinds of inventories. These inventories are carried by Clearly Canadian in every phases (input, processing, output) in manufacturing the beverage.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚     Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Inventories that are held by this company are raw material inventories, working in process inventories, and finished goods inventories. As we know, Clearly Canadian is a beverage company, the raw materials that are needed to make the beverages are natural water, sugar, artificial coloring, etc. While after all the raw materials have been collected, the company will face the processing phase, meaning converting the raw material into finished goods, example: mixing the ingredients. This phase is categorized as working in process inventories. Last but not least, the raw materials that have been processed and ready to be sold in the markets are the finished goods inventories. These are the inventories that Clearly Canadian distributes and sells in United States, Japan, Thailand, Great Britain, etc Conclusion, Clearly Canadian is holds this three inventories throughout the making and selling it’s beverage.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   B  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  After we define the Clearly Canadian inventories above, we know that those inventories are very important for Clearly Canadian, therefore they have to manage it properly. To hold an inventory a company is faced with risks, where it may face some losses too. The risks that clearly Canadian has to handle include storage costs, opportunity costs, peripheral costs, and depreciation costs. For storage costs, the costs in this category are storage charges, storage staff, equipment maintenance, and running costs. Storage charges include rent expense, lighting, heating, refrigeration, air conditioning, etc (Lucey 1988, p.185). The company needs to pay this cost because by holding the inventories it will need storage facilities and supporting staff. Opportunity costs will arise when the company does not choose the best alternative includes interest on capital invested in the stock (Lucey 1988, p.185). The company could have earned interest from the bank if they did not invest the money on these inventories. Supporting costs, which are also call peripheral cost, comes together with the storage cost that comes along with the storage costs. Peripheral cost means the cost that additional cost. Examples Audit, stocktaking, insurance, and security costs. Lastly, depreciation cost is the cost that incurred due to depreciation value of the inventories or maybe damages, which cause invaluable. Those kind of cost are deterioration, obsolescence, pilferage, and vermin damage (Lucey 1988, p.